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There are a number of conditions that affect the uterus.
Among them are uterine fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding,
pelvic support problems, endometriosis, pelvic pain and various
types of cancer.
A hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus. There are a
number of different names for this surgical procedure depending
on exactly what surgery is done. If just the uterus and cervix
are removed, then it is called a total hysterectomy. If both
of the ovaries and the fallopian tubes are removed in addition
to the uterus and cervix, it is called a total hysterectomy
and bilateral salpingoophorectomy. The Greek word for ‘tubes’
is ‘salpingo’ while the Greek word ‘oophor’ means ‘bearing
eggs’ (that is, the ovaries). A third type of hysterectomy
is called a radical hysterectomy; it is significantly more
extensive, removing the uterus, cervix, surrounding tissues,
the upper vagina and usually the pelvic lymph nodes. This
most frequently occurs when there is cancer of the uterus
or cervix.
Another term when discussing a hysterectomy with your physician
relates to the surgical approach that will be done to perform
the surgery. An abdominal hysterectomy means that in incision
will be made through the abdomen to gain access to the uterus.
This approach will leave a scar. If the surgical approach
will be through the vagina, then it is called a vaginal hysterectomy.
A vaginal hysterectomy will be less invasive but is more technically
difficult. Your physician will discuss these alternatives
with you. Sometimes, based on the size of the tumor or condition
of the uterus, only one approach can be performed.
A variation on the vaginal hysterectomy is called a LAVH,
in which a laparoscope is inserted through a small incision
in the abdomen. This will allow your physician to do most
of the surgery through the tools equipped with the laparoscope.
The procedure can then be finished vaginally.
If you have your fallopian tubes and ovaries removed during
the surgery, you will begin all the symptoms of menopause
since your ovaries are gone and your hormone levels will undergo
a significant change. If your ovaries remain, you will begin
menopause on a normal timetable. However, having no uterus
may make the onset of menopause more difficult to determine.
A hysterectomy usually has no physical effect on your ability
to experience sexual pleasure and normally does not effect
your desire for sexual intimacy.
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